For women
CDC tok say any of di two partners fit get HIV during vaginal sex, and say HIV fit enter body through di skin wey cover inside di vagina and cervix. For woman wey do vaginal sex once without condom wit man wey get HIV and no dey take treatment, di estimate na 0.08% (around 1 out of 1,200).
Most partners no get HIV, so wit man wey im status no dey known, di chance small well well. E depend well well on where you dey:
- United States: 0.00014% (around 1 out of 730,000)
- United Kingdom: <0.0001% (around 1 out of 3,700,000)
- South Africa: 0.0023% (around 1 out of 44,000)
Di calculator still dey ask weda male partner wey im status no dey known don do circumcision, becos men wey don do circumcision no too likely to don get HIV from di beginning.
For men
For man wey do vaginal sex once without condom wit woman wey get HIV and no dey take treatment, di estimate na 0.04% (around 1 out of 2,500). Wit woman wey im status no dey known, e dey change from one country to anoda:
| Country | Risk for each exposure | Chance |
|---|---|---|
| United States | <0.0001% | 1 out of 1,500,000 |
| United Kingdom | <0.0001% | 1 out of 15,000,000 |
| Germany | <0.0001% | 1 out of 23,000,000 |
| Brazil | <0.0001% | 1 out of 1,700,000 |
| India | <0.0001% | 1 out of 4,200,000 |
| Thailand | <0.0001% | 1 out of 1,700,000 |
| Nigeria | 0.00014% | 1 out of 710,000 |
| Kenya | 0.0003% | 1 out of 330,000 |
| South Africa | 0.0023% | 1 out of 44,000 |
Circumcision
Big trials find say men wey don do circumcision no too likely to get HIV through vaginal sex. Di calculator dey reduce di estimate for man wey don do circumcision by 50%, so one act wit woman wey get HIV go become 0.02% (around 1 out of 5,000).
Circumcision dey protect di man, no be im partner. One trial for men wey don already get HIV find say circumcision no reduce how dem dey pass am give dia female partners. See circumcision and HIV.
Belle and afta born
Wen woman get belle, and for di months afta she born, her risk to get HIV through vaginal sex dey go up. Wit partner wey get HIV and no dey take treatment, di estimate for each act na 0.23% (around 1 out of 440) wen you get belle and 0.32% (around 1 out of 310) afta you born. If you get belle and you tink say exposure (wen HIV fit don enter your body) don happen, tell your health worker quick. Dem fit advise you on PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis: HIV medicine wey you go take afta exposure to stop di virus) and test. See HIV risk wen you get belle.
Oda STIs
Infections wey dey cause sore or swelling dey make am easy for HIV to pass. Di calculator dey multiply di estimate by 2 if any of di partners get STI (sexually transmitted infection, wey be infection wey dey pass through sex). For woman wit partner wey get HIV, dat one go make one act 0.16% (around 1 out of 620). Read more about HIV and STIs.
Wetin dey reduce di risk
- Condom. E dey reduce risk by about 80% for real life use. Woman wey do sex wit condom wit partner wey get HIV: 0.016% (around 1 out of 6,200).
- PrEP. PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis: HIV medicine wey you dey take before any exposure to protect yourself) na medicine wey pipo wey no get HIV dey take to prevent am. If you take am di way dem prescribe, e dey reduce di risk from vaginal sex by about 90%. Woman wey dey take PrEP well well wit partner wey get HIV: 0.008% (around 1 out of 12,000). Daily tablets and injection wey dey last long na options for women and men. CDC tok say tablets dey reach di highest protection for receptive vaginal sex afta about 21 days of daily use.
- Treatment. Partner wey get HIV and im viral load (how much HIV dey di blood) dey undetectable (di HIV for blood don low reach where test no fit see am) no dey pass HIV through sex. See U=U.
- No ejaculation. Di calculator dey reduce woman estimate by 50% wen her partner no release (ejaculate) inside her.
Wetin to do now
Sex without condom, or condom wey fail, for di last 72 hours? If your partner get HIV and no dey take treatment wey dey work, or you no sabi im status, ask about PEP for emergency department (A&E) for hospital, urgent care or sexual health clinic. You must start am within 72 hours, and di best na within 24. How to get PEP
- Tink about PEP first if you still dey within 72 hours. You go take am every day for 28 days, and you no need test result before you start.
- Do test afta di window period (di time afta infection wen test neva fit show HIV). Lab antigen/antibody test (blood wey dem draw from vein) fit find HIV from 18 days, and negative result don be final from 45 days. If you take PEP, expect follow-up test about 4 to 6 weeks and 12 weeks afta di exposure. See how test correct week by week.
- Check for oda STIs for di same visit, becos dem fit pass for di same act.
- Tink about di future. If you dey do sex without condom wit partners wey you no sabi dia status, ask about PrEP.