Lokacin jira
Bayan HIV ta shiga jiki, tana ɗaukar lokaci kafin gwaji ya iya gano ta. Wannan tazarar ita ake kira lokacin jira (window period). A wannan lokaci, mutum na iya ɗauke da HIV amma gwajinsa ya nuna babu HIV. Kowane irin gwaji yana neman abu daban, don haka kowanne yana da nasa lokacin jira.
| Gwaji | Yana gano HIV daga | Babu HIV ya tabbata daga |
|---|---|---|
| Gwajin NAT (RNA) | Rana ta 10 | Rana ta 33 |
| Gwajin antigen/antibody na ɗakin gwaje-gwaje (zamani na 4, jini daga jijiya) | Rana ta 18 | Rana ta 45 |
| Gwajin antigen/antibody na gaggawa (tsinin yatsa) | Rana ta 18 | Rana ta 90 |
| Gwajin antibody (yawancin gwajin gaggawa da gwajin kai da kai) | Rana ta 23 | Rana ta 90 |
Gwajin NAT (nucleic acid test)
Yana neman ƙwayoyin halittar ƙwayar cutar a cikin jini. Shi ne ke iya gano HIV mafi wuri, daga kusan rana ta 10, amma yana da tsada kuma ba a ko’ina ake samu ba. Ana amfani da shi galibi idan mutum ya yi haɗuwa mai haɗari sosai kwanan nan, ko yana da alamomin kamuwa a farko.
Gwajin antigen/antibody
Shi ne gwajin da aka saba yi a yawancin asibitoci da ɗakunan gwaje-gwaje, wani lokaci ana kiransa gwajin ƙarni na huɗu (fourth-generation). Yana gano duka antibody na HIV da p24, wani sinadarin furotin daga ƙwayar cutar da ke bayyana kafin antibody. Gwajin antigen/antibody na ɗakin gwaje-gwaje (jini daga jijiya) tabbatacce ne a kwana 45. Gwajin antigen/antibody na gaggawa (jini daga tsinin yatsa) yana buƙatar har kwana 90.
Gwajin antibody
Yana gano antibody kawai, waɗanda jikinku ke samarwa don yaƙar HIV, kuma suna ɗaukar lokaci kafin su bayyana. Yawancin gwajin gaggawa da gwajin kai da kai na gida, har da gwajin ruwan baki, gwajin antibody ne, kuma suna zama tabbatattu daga kwana 90.
Jadawalin gwaji
- Sa’o’i 72 na farko: Ya yi wuri ga kowane gwaji. Idan abokin jima’inku yana ɗauke da HIV kuma ba ya shan magani mai aiki, ko ba ku san matsayinsa ba, ku tambayi game da PEP (maganin rigakafin HIV da ake sha bayan haɗuwa da HIV) yanzu. Dole a fara shi cikin sa’o’i 72.
- Rana ta 10 zuwa 33: Gwajin NAT zai iya fara gano HIV. Gwajin NAT da ya nuna babu HIV tabbatacce ne daga rana ta 33.
- Rana ta 18 zuwa 45: Gwajin antigen/antibody na ɗakin gwaje-gwaje zai iya fara gano HIV. Sakamakon da ya nuna babu HIV tabbatacce ne daga rana ta 45.
- Rana ta 18 zuwa 90: Lokacin jira na gwajin antigen/antibody na gaggawa (jini daga tsinin yatsa). Gwajin antibody, har da yawancin gwajin kai da kai na gida, suna da lokacin jira na kwana 23 zuwa 90.
- Daga rana ta 90 zuwa gaba: Sakamakon da ya nuna babu HIV a kowane ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan gwaje-gwaje tabbatacce ne.
Yin gwaji da wuri na iya zama da amfani har yanzu, musamman idan kuna cikin damuwa, amma ku shirya gwajin bibiya bayan lokacin jira ya cika. Idan kun sha PEP, ku bi jadawalin ma’aikacin lafiyarku; CDC tana ba da shawarar gwaji kusan makonni 4 zuwa 6 da makonni 12 bayan haɗuwar.
Alamomi ba gwaji ba ne
Wasu mutane suna yin rashin lafiya mai kama da mura makonni 2 zuwa 4 bayan sun kamu da HIV, tare da zazzaɓi, ƙuraje a fata, ciwon maƙogwaro, kumburin gland ko gyambon baki. Mutane da yawa ba su da wata alama ko kaɗan, kuma waɗannan alamomin na iya samuwa saboda wasu dalilai da dama. Idan kuna da su bayan yiwuwar haɗuwa da HIV, ku ga ma’aikacin lafiya ku nemi gwajin da zai iya gano kamuwa a farko.
Inda za a yi gwaji
- Asibitocin lafiyar jima’i da na cututtukan da ake ɗauka ta jima’i (STI), sau da yawa kyauta kuma a asirce
- Likitanku ko cibiyar lafiya ta al’umma
- Kantin magani da ƙungiyoyin al’umma da ke ba da gwajin gaggawa
- Kayan gwajin kai da kai na gida daga kantin magani ko ta intanet
A Amurka, gettested.cdc.gov yana taimaka muku nemo gwaji kyauta kusa da ku. CDC tana ba da shawarar kowa mai shekaru 13 zuwa 64 ya yi gwaji aƙalla sau ɗaya. A wasu ƙasashe, hukumomin lafiya na ƙasa da ƙungiyoyin agaji na lafiyar jima’i yawanci suna da irin wannan hanyar neman wuraren gwaji.
Bayan sakamakonku
Babu HIV (negative) bayan lokacin jira: idan ba ku sake yin wata haɗuwa ba tun daga lokacin, ba ku kamu da HIV daga wannan haɗuwar ba. Idan da alama za ku sake haɗuwa da HIV, ku tambayi game da PrEP (maganin rigakafin HIV da ake sha kafin haɗuwa da HIV).
Babu HIV (negative) cikin lokacin jira: yana kwantar da hankali, amma ku sake gwaji bayan lokacin jira ya cika.
An gano HIV (positive ko reactive): za ku buƙaci gwajin bibiya a ɗakin gwaje-gwaje don tabbatarwa. Idan an tabbatar da HIV, magani yana aiki sosai kuma yana ba masu ɗauke da HIV damar yin rayuwa mai tsawo cikin ƙoshin lafiya. Masu ɗauke da HIV waɗanda magani ya rage yawan ƙwayar cutar a jininsu (viral load) har ba a iya gano ta, kuma suka ci gaba a haka, ba sa yaɗa HIV ta jima’i (U=U).