Yawan masu HIV da haɗarin saduwa ɗaya alƙaluma ne daban-daban
Alƙaluma biyu ne ke tantance haɗarinku daga saduwa ɗaya ta jima’i da wanda ba ku san matsayinsa na HIV ba:
- Yawan masu HIV: kason manya a wani wuri da ke ɗauke da HIV. Alƙaluman da ke nan ƙiyasin Hukumar Yaƙi da Cutar AIDS ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (UNAIDS) ne ga manya masu shekaru 15 zuwa 49. Ga ‘yan ƙasashe da babu irin wannan ƙiyasin, kamar Amurka, na’urar lissafi tana amfani da kimanin alƙaluman ƙasar.
- Haɗarin saduwa ɗaya: yiwuwar yaɗuwar HIV a saduwa ɗaya idan abokin jima’inku yana ɗauke da HIV kuma ba ya shan magani mai aiki. Ga saka azzakari a farji, CDC ta ƙiyasta shi a 0.04% (kusan 1 cikin 2,500).
Haɗarinku gaba ɗaya kusan alƙalami na farko ne a ninka da na biyu. Shi ya sa alƙaluman da ke cikin teburan da ke ƙasa suka fi ƙanƙanta sosai fiye da haɗarin saduwa ɗaya da wataƙila kuka karanta a wasu wurare.
Magani yana canza lamarin
Mai ɗauke da HIV da ke shan magani har ƙwayar cutar ta ragu ba a iya gano ta a jininsa ba ya yaɗa HIV ta jima’i. Ana kiran wannan U=U (idan ba a iya gano HIV a jini ba, ba za a iya yaɗa ta ba). Don haka abin da ke da muhimmanci ba yawan masu HIV kaɗai ba ne, har ma da yawan waɗanda ke cikinsu da ke shan magani kuma magani ya danne ƙwayar cutar a jikinsu.
A duk duniya, WHO ta ba da rahoton cewa a ƙarshen shekarar 2025, kusan mutane miliyan 41.0 ne ke ɗauke da HIV. Daga cikinsu, 88% sun san matsayinsu, 89% na waɗannan suna shan magani, kuma an danne ƙwayar cutar a jinin 95% na masu shan maganin. Yawan masu samun magani ya bambanta sosai tsakanin ƙasashe, kuma teburan suna la’akari da yawan masu samun magani a kowace ƙasa.
Haɗarin saduwa ɗaya da abokin jima’i da ba a san matsayinsa ba
Kowane tebur yana nuna ƙiyasin haɗari daga saduwa ɗaya ta saka azzakari a farji ba tare da kwaroron roba ba (namiji da mace) tare da abokiyar jima’i da ba a san matsayinta ba, ta amfani da alƙaluman yawan masu HIV da na magani na wannan ƙasa.
Nahiyoyin Amurka
| Ƙasa | Haɗari a saduwa ɗaya | Yiwuwa |
|---|---|---|
| Amurka | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 1,500,000 |
| Kanada | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 16,000,000 |
| Mesiko | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 3,600,000 |
| Birazil | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 1,700,000 |
| Ajentina | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 3,300,000 |
| Kolambiya | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 3,000,000 |
| Jamaika | 0.00021% | 1 cikin 470,000 |
| Haiti | 0.00015% | 1 cikin 660,000 |
Turai
| Ƙasa | Haɗari a saduwa ɗaya | Yiwuwa |
|---|---|---|
| Biritaniya | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 15,000,000 |
| Ayalan | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 22,000,000 |
| Faransa | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 8,000,000 |
| Jamus | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 23,000,000 |
| Sipen | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 15,000,000 |
| Italiya | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 8,000,000 |
| Holan | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 39,000,000 |
| Portugal | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 3,600,000 |
| Polan | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 2,500,000 |
| Yukaran | 0.0004% | 1 cikin 250,000 |
| Rasha | 0.00048% | 1 cikin 210,000 |
Asiya da yankin Pasifik
| Ƙasa | Haɗari a saduwa ɗaya | Yiwuwa |
|---|---|---|
| Indiya | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 4,200,000 |
| Sin | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 2,500,000 |
| Japan | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 12,000,000 |
| Tailan | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 1,700,000 |
| Biyetinam | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 3,500,000 |
| Filipin | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 9,300,000 |
| Indunusiya | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 1,500,000 |
| Pakistan | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 4,200,000 |
| Ostareliya | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 50,000,000 |
Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya
| Ƙasa | Haɗari a saduwa ɗaya | Yiwuwa |
|---|---|---|
| Misira | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 12,000,000 |
| Maroko | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 11,000,000 |
| Nijeriya | 0.00014% | 1 cikin 710,000 |
| Gana | 0.00047% | 1 cikin 210,000 |
| Kamaru | 0.00024% | 1 cikin 420,000 |
| Habasha | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 1,500,000 |
| Kenya | 0.0003% | 1 cikin 330,000 |
| Yuganda | 0.00052% | 1 cikin 190,000 |
| Tanzaniya | 0.00035% | 1 cikin 280,000 |
| Mozambik | 0.0014% | 1 cikin 70,000 |
| Zimbabuwe | 0.00055% | 1 cikin 180,000 |
| Afirka Ta Kudu | 0.0023% | 1 cikin 44,000 |
| Baswana | 0.00091% | 1 cikin 110,000 |
| Eswatini | 0.0014% | 1 cikin 69,000 |
Matsakaicin yankuna
| Ƙasa | Haɗari a saduwa ɗaya | Yiwuwa |
|---|---|---|
| Matsakaicin duniya | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 1,200,000 |
| Afirka kudu da Sahara | 0.00035% | 1 cikin 280,000 |
| Gabashi da Kudancin Afirka | 0.00046% | 1 cikin 220,000 |
| Yammaci da Tsakiyar Afirka | 0.00018% | 1 cikin 570,000 |
| Latin Amurka da Caribbean | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 1,300,000 |
| Kudancin Asiya | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 5,300,000 |
| Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka | <0.0001% | 1 cikin 4,300,000 |
Ga karɓar jima’i ta farji (mace da namiji), haɗarin saduwa ɗaya ya fi yawa. Misali, a Amurka, ƙiyasin da abokin jima’i da ba a san matsayinsa ba shi ne 0.00014% (kusan 1 cikin 730,000), a Afirka ta Kudu kuma 0.0023% (kusan 1 cikin 44,000). Cikakkun tebura na kowane irin jima’i suna a shafin teburan haɗari.
Inda HIV ta fi yawa
WHO ta ba da rahoton cewa 64% na masu ɗauke da HIV suna Yankin Afirka na WHO. Yawan masu HIV ya fi kowane wuri yawa a gabashi da kudancin Afirka, inda a ‘yan ƙasashe kaso mai yawa na manya ke ɗauke da HIV. A yawancin Yammacin Turai, Gabashin Asiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya, ya yi ƙasa sosai da kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari.
Alƙaluman ƙasa farkon farawa ne kawai
Matsakaicin alƙalumin ƙasa yana ɓoye manyan bambance-bambance. HIV ta fi yawa a wasu birane, al’ummomi da rukunonin masu jima’i da juna fiye da wasu. CDC ta danganta irin waɗannan giɓi da abubuwan zamantakewa kamar talauci, tsangwama da rashin daidaito wajen samun kulawar lafiya. UNAIDS ta ƙiyasta cewa maza gay da bisexual da sauran maza masu jima’i da maza sun fi yiwuwar kamuwa da HIV kusan sau 23, masu allurar miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma kusan sau 14. HIV kuma ta fi yawa sosai tsakanin masu sana’ar jima’i da mata masu sauya jinsi (trans women) fiye da sauran jama’a.
Don haka ga namiji da ake shiga ta dubura da wani namiji da ba a san matsayinsa ba a Amurka, ƙiyasin shi ne 0.05% (kusan 1 cikin 2,000), wanda ya fi alƙaluman jima’i ta farji da ke sama. Na’urar lissafi tana ba ku damar ƙara waɗannan bayanai don samun ƙiyasi mafi kusa da yanayinku.
Abin da alƙaluman ba za su iya faɗa muku ba
Waɗannan matsakaici ne. Ba za su iya faɗa muku ko wani mutum na musamman yana ɗauke da HIV ba. Kowa zai iya ɗauke da HIV ba tare da ya sani ba, musamman a makonnin farko bayan kamuwa, lokacin da yawan ƙwayar cutar a jini (viral load) ya fi yawa. Ƙaramin alƙalami yana kwantar da hankali, amma gwaji ne kaɗai ke ba ku tabbatacciyar amsa.
Abin da za ku yi yanzu
- Kun sami yiwuwar haɗuwa da HIV cikin sa’o’i 72 da suka wuce, da abokin jima’i mai ɗauke da HIV ko wanda ba ku san matsayinsa ba? Ku tambayi game da PEP (maganin rigakafin HIV da ake sha bayan haɗuwa da HIV) yau. Dole a fara shi cikin sa’o’i 72, kuma ya fi aiki cikin sa’o’i 24. Yadda ake samun PEP
- Kuna son tabbatacciyar amsa? Ku yi gwaji bayan lokacin jira (window period: tsakanin kamuwa da lokacin da gwaji zai iya gano HIV). Shafin sahihancin gwajin HIV a kowane mako yana nuna lokacin da sakamakon da ya nuna babu HIV daga kowane gwaji yake zama tabbatacce.
- Kuna son alƙalami na yanayinku? Na’urar lissafi tana haɗa ƙasar, irin haɗuwar, da duk wata kariya da kuka yi amfani da ita.